Running City 2019

Historical background
In 1711 Peter I laid the foundation for a palace with a garden close to Kalinkina village in memory of the first victory of the Russian fleet, which took place nearby. The tsar called the estate Ekaterinhof (Catherine’s Court) and presented it to his wife, future Empress Catherine I. Not far away, on the neighboring islands, Observation Palace of Peter I, and Annenhof and Elizavethof estates reserved for their daughters were constructed. Later, under Elizabeth of Russia, the palaces were rebuilt, the canals were cleared, and the ponds in the garden were rounded off according to French fashion.
In 1823, at the initiative of Count Miloradovich, a military Governor General of Petersburg, the park, which became accessible to the public, was landscaped, and Ferma, Lviny and Mavritansky pavilions were erected in the garden according to the project of Auguste Montferrand, as well as a slide and a tavern.
After the construction of the Putilov Plant, the park gradually turned from a favorite recreation place of citizens mentioned in classical literature (for example, in Dostoevsky's Idiot) to industrial outskirts of Petersburg. And in the 20th century, after revolutions and several fires, Ekaterinhof Palace was taken down, and the re-landscaped park was furnished with a stadium and an equestrian school.

Historical background
The Red Triangle was the first rubber manufacturing plant in Russia. Its history began in 1860 when Ferdinand Krauzkopf founded the Triangle Russian-American Rubber Manufactory Partnership (TRARM). Thanks to the high quality of its products presented at the Moscow Manufacturing Exhibition in 1865, the Partnership received the right to mark its products with the state emblem. In addition, all of its products also bore a trademark in the form of a triangle, with the year of the Partnership foundation (1860), the name of the Partnership (T. R. A. R. M.) and the place of production (St. Petersburg) written inside it.
In 1918 the plant was renamed the Red Triangle. Later, reorganised in 1930 from a tyre manufacturing plant based on the Red Triangle, Leningrad Tyre Plant became a pillar of the domestic tyre industry. In 1932 the Plant began to produce synthetic rubber. The Red Triangle staff members were awarded the commemorative banner of the CPSU Central Committee, the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, the USSR Council of Ministers, and the All-Union Central Soviet of Trade Unions on 21 October 1967 for winning the socialist competition and in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution.
In modern history, the Red Triangle is not only the place where many music videos are filmed, but also the location of workshops, warehouses, offices, and lofts.

Historical background
Izmaylovsky Imperial Guard Regiment was organised in Moscow on 22 September 1730 by decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna. While the place of regular lodging was being chosen and a settlement was being built in Petersburg, Izmaylovsky Regiment itself had stayed for more than ten years at the houses belonging to local inhabitants. Initially, the settlement was supposed to be located outside Kalinkina village, near the present-day Yekateringof Park, but the place was unsuitable for living. Then the Izmaylovites were allotted the area adjacent to the current Fontanka and Obvodny kanal, as well as Moskovsky prospekt and Lermontovsky prospekt. The streets where the guardsmen lodged began to be called rota (companies), and in 1834 Izmaylovsky prospekt, which crossed the area, got its named after the Regiment. The Rotas from the 1st to the 7th went east of it, and from the 8th to the 12th — west of it (after the revolution, the Rotas each became Krasnoarmeyskaya ulitsa and retained their numbering). Noncombatant units of the Regiment were situated on Zarotnaya ulitsa (which later also became one of Krasnoarmeyskaya ulitsa). In 1754 a new five-domed wooden church was laid down for the Regiment, with a chapel of martyr John the Soldier on the banks of the Fontanka River. The architectural look of the Izmaylovsky Regiment military town was finally completed in 1835 after the construction of the new Trinity Cathedral (Troitsky sobor) under the project of V. Stasov. The wooden church was dismantled and a new stone cathedral was erected in its place, which became one of the dominant features of the city. Walls of the Trinity Cathedral (Troitsky sobor) and its blue dome are visible from many squares and streets of St. Petersburg.

Historical background
The foundation stone for the Church of the Resurrection of Christ at Warsaw Railway Station/Varshavsky vokzal was laid on 14 August 1894 in memory of marriage of Their Majesties. Under the auspices of the Religious and Moral Education Society, solemn laying was accompanied by a religious procession with the most revered metropolitan icons. It is noteworthy that the Society did not build a new wooden church, but moved the old one from Nikolaevskaya ulitsa (now 5 ulitsa Marata), which was consecrated on 4 December of that year. After Alexander Nevsky Temperance Society was founded in 1898, fundraising was commenced for the construction of a stone church. The construction commission was headed by Dmitry Parfyonov, a second guild merchant and a well-known philanthropist. Thanks to Parfyonov, Predtechenskaya Church/Predtechenskaya tserkov on Vyborg Side/Vyborgskaya storona and St. Isidore Russian-Estonian Church were also created, but it was for the timely construction of the Church of the Resurrection during the war and lack of resources that the merchant was awarded generalship by Nicholas II, bypassing the usual ranks. The exterior decoration of the Church was completed in 1914, and the next two years were devoted to interior works - oil painting was based on cartoons used for mosaics of the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood. In 1930 the Church of the Resurrection of Christ was closed, and later it housed tram depot offices. Again, the Church was used for religious purposes in the summer of 1989.

Historical background
The foundation stone for the Church of the Resurrection of Christ at Warsaw Railway Station (Varshavsky vokzal) was laid on 14 August 1894 in memory of marriage of Their Majesties. Under the auspices of the Religious and Moral Education Society, solemn laying was accompanied by a religious procession with the most revered metropolitan icons. It is noteworthy that the Society did not build a new wooden church, but moved the old one from Nikolaevskaya ulitsa (now 5 ulitsa Marata), which was consecrated on 4 December of that year. After Alexander Nevsky Temperance Society was founded in 1898, fundraising was commenced for the construction of a stone church. The construction commission was headed by Dmitry Parfyonov, a second guild merchant and a well-known philanthropist. Thanks to Parfyonov, St. John the Baptist Church (Predtechenskaya tserkov) on Vyborg Side (Vyborgskaya storona) and St. Isidore Russian-Estonian Church were also created, but it was for the timely construction of the Church of the Resurrection during the war and lack of resources that the merchant was awarded generalship by Nicholas II, bypassing the usual ranks. The exterior decoration of the Church was completed in 1914, and the next two years were devoted to interior works — oil painting was based on cartoons used for mosaics of the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood (Khram Khrista Spasitelya). In 1930 the Church of the Resurrection of Christ was closed, and later it housed tram depot offices. Again, the Church was used for religious purposes in the summer of 1989.

Historical background
A place close to St. Nicholas Cathedral (Nikolsky sobor, it is shown in the old photo), near the intersection of Griboyedov Canal (kanal Griboyedova) and Kryukov Canal (Kryukov kanal), from which seven bridges are visible, is called Semimostje. Krasnogvardeysky Bridge (Krasnogvardeysky most), Pikalov Bridge (Pikalov most) and Staro-Nikolsky Bridge (Staro-Nikolsky most) are visible in the immediate vicinity of the intersection. Kashin Bridge (Kashin most) is visible through Kryukov Canal (Kryukov kanal) to the north, Novo-Nikolsky Bridge (Novo-Nikolsky most) — through Griboyedov Canal (kanal Griboyedova) to the east, Mogilevsky Bridge (Mogilevsky most) — through Griboyedov Canal (kanal Griboyedova) to the west, and Adjacent Bridge (Smezhny most) — through Kryukov Canal (Kryukov kanal) to the south.

Historical background
A bay window (“erker” or “ärker” in German, originally from the Latin form “arcora” which means “bow”) is part of a room, partially or completely glazed, projecting beyond the plane of facade and improving its illumination and insolation. It allows enhancing the internal space of the room. The bay window is often glazed around the perimeter. The bay window can be single-story or multi-story. The bay window can be round, rectangular or multifaceted in shape.

Historical background
The School Folk Museum And the Muses Were Not Silent... is dedicated to the culture and art of Leningrad during World War II. The Museum was created by teachers and pupils of Shostakovich School No. 235 with advanced study of artistic and aesthetic subjects, and was opened on 16 March 1968. It is well known throughout the world for its collection of historical documents on the topic: “Art and War” (about 20,000 originals). Exhibits of the unique Museum include musical instruments and theatre costumes, paintings and sketches of artists, propaganda and satirical posters, playbills (including, handwritten ones) of concert programmes and performances, exhibition catalogues, theatre and invitation tickets. There are documents of renowned composers: D. Shostakovich, V. Solovjev-Sedoy; paintings and drawings by famous artists: B. Prorokov, S. Boim, V. Galba, B. Pilshchikov, L. Simonov; satirical and propaganda posters of Okna TASS and Batiysky Prozhektor, rare Siege editions of Leningrad and Zvezda magazines, leaflets and books. The literature room contains personal items, manuscripts and documents of writers: a table and autographs of O. Berggolts, stubs of her bread tickets for December 1941, The Siege Book by A. Adamovich and D. Granin, with Granin’s review of the museum, his typewriter, and so on. The ground floor combines several exposition spaces: a lobby with many sculptures representing the survivors of the Siege in different emotional states; a stage with theatrical decorations, a piano and a conductor’s stand from the Musical Comedy Theatre, a street loudspeaker on the house wall; a hall of temporary exhibitions, and two halls with memorial rooms: of “Е. Linda and his co-founders of the Museum”, and of writer T. Staleva with heroes of her books about the Siege”. The spaces of the 1rst and 2nd floors are interactive and integrated. A platform stage with a concert piano, nooks and niches with interiors to make you feel at ease: relax, work, or play music. Here you can sit at the table of Olga Berggolts or touch the piano whose keys remember the hands of Dmitry Shostakovich. Currently, the Museum collection has over 22 thousand items and documents. It is open daily to residents and schoolchildren of the city, and to its guests. Annually, the museum is visited by 7,000–10,000 people, and about 800 tours are held here.

Historical background
Before the revolution, Repin Square (ploshchad Repina) was called Kalinkinskaya Square (Kalinkinskaya ploshchad) in honour of the nearby Kalinkina village. Kalinkinskaya Square (Kalinkinskaya ploshchad) was located on Galley Island (Galerny ostrov) named after the Galley Shipyard situated at the Fontanka mouth. The Square was designed according to a plan developed in 1737 by the Commission on St. Petersburg Construction, and once was the largest square located near the bridge over the Fontanka. From 1882 to 1893, Ilya Repin, the great Russian artist, lived in one of the houses on the square (it was during this period that he completed his famous paintings “Religious Procession in Kursk Province”, “Ivan the Terrible and his Son Ivan on 16 November 1581”, and “Unexpected”). The Square was named after the great painter in 1952, and only in the 1960s, after one of the Fontanka branches was partially filled up, Galley Island (Galerny ostrov) was added to Kolomensky Island (Kolomensky ostrov).

Historical background
In 1795 Englishman Noah Cazalet founded a brewery in Narva part on the banks of the Yekateringofka River. The brewery produced such beer brands as white simple, light, English (ale), porter, and semi-porter. In 1818 the company was awarded the right to put the state emblem on its products and signboards. In 1848 Noah’s son, Petr Cazalet, was joined by his longtime rival Fedor (Abraham) Cron, afterwards the company was named Cazalet, Cron and Co. In 1857 Fedor Cron transferred to Cazalet his right to supply beer to the Imperial Court. A “deliberately arranged” bottle with a brand seal on the throat was specially ordered for this event. The letters I.D.P.K. meant “The Imperial Court. Petr Cazalet”. In 1862 Kalinkin Beer and Mead Brewing Partnership named after Kalinka village was established. By 1914 Kalinkin Brewery became the largest in the Russian Empire and produced up to 5.5 million pails of beer per year. In 1922, the Brewery was named after Stepan Razin, a free Don ataman. From 1971 to 1986, as a parent company, the Brewery was part of the Stepan Razin Leningrad Production Association of Brewing and Non-Alcoholic Industry. Apart from it, the Association included Leningrad Breweries Krasnaya Bavaria and Vena, as well as Vyborgsky, Petrozavodsky and Sortavalsky Breweries, Polyustrovo Mineral Water Plant, Gatchina Non-Alcoholic Manufacturing Plant, and other enterprises. Nowadays, one of the first Russian museums of its kind — the Museum of Brewing History operates in ulitsa Stepana Razina.